Wednesday, April 25, 2012

Lilies and Dragons (Arthurian Legend FINAL DRAFT)


Well, I definitely thought that I posted this a while ago... oops, well here is my final draft! Enjoy!       

        The soft glow of the candlelight wavered in the foggy glass window of the Dining Hall. The Knights of King Arthur’s Court were celebrating their latest success as the jovial cheers and infectious laughter spread throughout the hall. It all fell quiet and King Arthur stood up, wavering on unstable, drunken legs. He raised his glass and the noble men and ladies followed suit. 
A shadow moved, unbeknownst to the celebrating court, into the wavering light outside one of the lofty windows. A cloak disguised her appearance, shadowing her face and distorting her features. A small knife, glinting with malice, hung uncovered at her side.  A hand stretched out from under the folds of the deep purple covering, palm upwards. A glowing blue orb appeared, resting inches from the open hand, showing an image of the feast that lay inside the castle. Soft whispers emanated from under the cloak, nearly visible in the stagnant fog covering Camelot. The ball of light pulsated, changing from blue to red, mirroring the harvest moon, then shattered, leaving nothing behind. With a quiet gathering of the deep purple fabric, the shadow left, leaving the knife behind. In the reflection of the glinting knife, the stars and moon hung perpetually suspended, waiting.
Inside the hall, the air was warmer and less sinister than that of the outside world, where the uninvited shadow stood whispering in the cold fog, mere yards from the King himself. King Arthur stood up, raising his ornate glass in a visibly shaken hand, undoubtedly drunker than half the hall. 
“Here we go,” mumbled Lancelot, bringing his full wine glass to his lips and tipping it far back before bringing it up with the rest of the Dining Hall. 
“I would like to make a toasht,” said the King, attempting to over-enunciate his words to compensate for his underlying drunken slur, “to shuccess and to onshe again driving out the evil forshez from Camelot,” he said, with an unmistakable glance out the window, “I am immenshely proud of eash and every one of my knightsh. To my equalsh of the Round Table.”
“To the Round Table,” echoed throughout the hall, their voices falling flat.
“And let us hope that our gracious King will fall over drunk and spare us from further ‘toashts’,” said Sir Nathen, laughing heartily. 
“Excuse me a moment,” muttered Lancelot, picking up his goblet and weaving his way to King Arthur.
“Ah, Lancelot!” he said, over-enthusiastic about Lancelot’s appearance, “How are you?”
“I am well my king, but there is a dire matter that I must discuss with you tonight.”
“What is it? Speak Lancelot, the night is old and the morning is pressing in,” King Arthur said, sobered by the severity in Lancelot’s voice.
“Not here, my lord, but now. Outside this hall.”
“Of course.”
Arthur in turn, picked up his own wine glass and quietly made his way out of the hall, following Lancelot into the hall between the room containing the Round Table and the Dining Hall. 
“Speak quickly and silently,” murmured King Arthur, his tone lowered so as not to be overheard, “for the night is cool and the Dining Hall calls me with its warmth and festivities.”
“Yes indeed Arthur, it is cool in the night, and it has been for quite some time. And that is exactly what I wish to speak to you about,” Lancelot grabbed onto Arthur’s arm, “this weather has not been getting better, it as been getting worse and you and I both know why.”
“The very idea is absurd,” King Arthur said, roughly shaking Lancelot’s arm off his own and heading back into the Dining Hall, “And it would fare you well to forget that this conversation ever happened.”
Lancelot turned and walked into the hall, rejoining the celebration. He turned and downed the entire glass of wine, gazing out the window. He was about to walk away, when a shine caught his eye. He looked out the window again and saw a small blade, lying outside on the ground. He turned and swept his gaze around the room, making sure he was not being watched as he slipped out the doors and into the foggy, late night air. 
The lovely Queen Guinevere wept, her shoulders shaking violently and nothing could be done or said to cease the crying. Her maids offered her hot tea and crumpets but nothing could console the distraught Queen. 
“It was real!” she cried, her voice cracking, “He was dead. He killed him.”
Guinevere picked up the tray of food and drink and threw it across her room, the hand-painted China tea set, a wedding gift, shattered. Guinevere threw herself back onto her bed, weeping uncontrollably. 
“Who was dead, my Lady?” asked Lancelot as he walked through her doorway and sat on the bed beside her. 
“You,” she whispered, “You traitor!” she screamed, throwing the nearest pillow into his face. 
“I never want to see you again,” Guinevere said, meeting his gaze. 
“Arthur, may I have a word with you,” said Sir Lancelot, his face carefully blank. 
“Again? My dear Lancelot, what a lot of thinking you have been doing as of lately. Something must truly be amiss in your life,” Arthur said, once again his former self after the absence of wine. 
“Well, maybe not so much my life,” Lancelot began, choking on his next words, “but, well, perhaps your life, my dear King.” Lancelot explained his encounter with Guinevere and the story that her maidservants had related to him. 
“So you can understand why I am concerned, not for me, pillows are not very lethal weapons, but for the Lady Guinevere,” Lancelot said, concern in his eyes, “something is terribly wrong. I believe that no one has ever seen her like this.”
“Well then, it is best we keep it that way, is it not?” said Arthur, his manner growing cool, “I trust 
you never to speak of this to anyone.” 
“Do you not think that something must be done about it? Do you not care?” furiously whispered Lancelot. 
“Keep your boundaries, Sir Lancelot and do not ever question my loyalty to my wife and Queen,” Arthur said, his tone icy as he walked away. He paused and turned back around. 
“And just to make things very clear, “your boundaries” do not include my wife’s bedchamber. Do not go questioning loyalties, Sir Lancelot.”  
The fog had grown heavier, resting on Camelot like a thick blanket, suffocating the crops and weighing heavily on Sir Lancelot’s heart. He paced his bedchamber, his boots tapping on the cold, stone floors. With an outraged cry, he picked up a vase of pure white lilies and threw them at the wall. He walked over to the fragmented vase and kicked aside the sharp pieces of tinted blue glass. Lancelot strode over to his bed and slid his hand under the cool pillow. His fingers latched around the knife, pulling it out from it’s hiding place. 
He examined the intricate handle, the precious gems forming a dragon wrapping itself around the hilt. Lancelot felt his body grow warm and his heart cold. Arthur, it was all because of Arthur, hissed the blade, gleaming, reflecting Lancelot’s green eyes. Instead of placing it back under his pillow, he concealed it under his shirt. Lancelot swung open the door to his bedchamber and left in search of King Arthur, crushing the white lilies with the heel of his boot. 
Sir Lancelot found King Arthur in Round Table room, standing with his hands braced on the table. He looked up as Lancelot entered, waiting for him to speak. 
“My Lord,” said Lancelot bowing, his eyes never leaving King Arthur’s, “the fog is getting denser. Do you not think something ought to be done about it? It is your duty as King,” challenged Lancelot, 
his voice dripping with sarcasm. 
“What do you suggest I do about this, Lancelot?” King Arthur said, his own voice as cold as the weather outside the castle. Without waiting for an answer from Lancelot, he continued; “That is right, Sir Lancelot. Nothing can be done to remedy this situation.” Arthur strode over and stood in front of Lancelot, staring at him. 
“The witch, Morgause,” said Lancelot, noticing how Arthur flinched at her very name,  “placed the spell on you; as long as you are alive, Camelot will die,” he whispered, “You know that this grieves me more than you, but it is the truth, my Lord.”
“Camelot would die...” King Arthur began. 
“Camelot is dying Arthur!” yelled Lancelot, “Can you not see that? The crops are dead and the townspeople are starving. The water has dried up, there is nothing left of your kingdom.”
“Do you think I not know that?” retorted Arthur, his anger rising up his throat, itching to escape, “Do you think I do not care for my kingdom? Do you not know who the King of this kingdom is? It is me, Sir Lancelot, not you, and it would do you well to never forget again,” he said, his voice harsh. 
“You are not the King Arthur I know,” Sir Lancelot murmured, speaking the very words that had been weighing on his heart. 
“Lancelot... do you truly believe Camelot would be better off without me? I have no heir, there would be no one to take over and then my kingdom would fall into ruin,” despaired Arthur. 
“What are you talking about? You have a fine young man that would make an excellent king. You have been training him since he was a lad for this very time,” Lancelot said, his brow knit together. 
“I only know of one other person besides my son that has such strikingly green eyes,” whispered King Arthur, staring down at Lancelot.  
“What are you suggesting, Arthur?” Sir Lancelot said defensively. 
“I have no son.” 
Sir Lancelot drew his sword, nights of anger and rage boiling over, pressing it up against King Arthur. Arthur shoved him backward, drawing Excalibur and circling around to face him. 
“You forget your place, Sir Lancelot,” snapped Arthur, holding his sword in front of him. 
“You have forgotten you kingdom, your friendship,” he said, striking against Arthur with each accusation, “and your wife,” Lancelot finished, pressing him up against the Round Table. 
Lancelot pulled out the dagger, the dragon pulsating with an energy that seemed almost alive. He struck Arthur’s fighting hand, forcing him to drop Excalibur. Arthur struggled against Lancelot’s grip, but it was no use. Anger and the magic of the knife allowed Lancelot to hold King Arthur in his death grip. 
“How I have longed for this moment. You speak of justice, well this is your justice. How many have died for you! How many have you killed and been killed in your name! Too many,” hissed Lancelot, his eyes gleaming with malice.
“What has done this to you? Lancelot, I do not know what you are speaking of!” King Arthur yelled, fearful for his life. Only too late did he see the dragon on the knife. 
“Morgause...” whispered Arthur, his face bleached of color, “No, no the witch has taken hold of you, you do not know what you are doing, Lancelot! Listen to me, please my friend,” the King said, begging for his life. 
“Oh but I do know what I am doing. I am saving this kingdom,” he said, leaning in, “And let us hope that my son will be a better king than you have ever been,” he finished, driving the knife into Arthur. Lancelot stepped back, letting Arthur crumple to the ground. He yanked the knife out of him, letting the blood flow freely from his open wound. 
Arthur looked up into the eyes of his friend, pain lacing his voice as he uttered his final breath; 
“You are forgiven.” 
Lancelot wiped the stained blade with the cloak of the dead King’s robe and strode out of the room. He walked up to the bell tower and pulled the chord once, twice, three then four times. The whole kingdom knew that the king was dead. 
Guinevere sat on her bed, sitting motionless as tears spilled from her overflowing eyes. Her king, her husband was dead and she had known for days, but could not, did not try to save him. Now nearly all of her visions had come to pass as she had seen them. Her husband dead, his kingdom destroyed, her lover a killer. Herself, an adulterous betrayer. She fingered the lily on the hilt of the dagger, nothing like her corrupted heart. 
Only one vision remained and her life prevented it’s truth. She held the dagger, given to her for protection. She never thought it would be used to protect herself from herself. She held it up, examining her face in it’s reflection. 
She closed her eyes and brought the blade down into her stomach. She gasped but did not cry out, pulling the blade out, the blood flowing freely. She lay back onto her bed and held the flowers, the last gift from her beloved king, and held them to her chest. She felt her life seeping away, her breathing becoming shallow. Her eyes closed, knowing that no one would be there to close them for her, as she slipped away to find Arthur. 
Lancelot knocked on Guinevere’s door for the fifth time, his impatience growing as he paced in the hallway. He finally gave up and pushed the door open, stopping in the doorway. There lay Guinevere, his Guinevere, in her wedding dress, holding a bouquet of flowers surrounded by a pool of dark blood. The guilty blade lay on her bedside table, soaked with her royal blood. There was no 
one around, but there could only be one explanation; the lovely Guinevere had killed herself. Lancelot 
walked over to her bed and placed a hand onto her ashen face, cold as stone. 
The love of his life had killed herself from the sorrow of losing Arthur, and it was purely because 
of his own actions. He had killed the lovely Guinevere. 
“Oh my Guinevere what have I done. How much misery have I caused you?” Lancelot wailed, his heart breaking. 
He traced the intricate craftsmanship on the handle of the blade. He looked out the window, the sun streaming in, turning Guinevere’s hair to gold. He kissed her hair and he too held up the blade. Camelot had no hope, Lancelot had killed his best friend;his king, and now his love was dead. There was nothing left for Lancelot in this world. 
“Let me leave this world the way my loves did and my dear God let my son forgive me,” he said, striking his broken heart, severing his life’s chord.  He fell to the floor, the blade falling from his hand, clattering to the ground. 
The fog lifted from the valleys of the mighty kingdom of Camelot, drifting away from the castle where the fallen lay. The shadow walked into the Round Table room over to King Arthur. The hood was lifted and long black locks spilled out, revealing a beautiful woman. She took the crown off his head, gently placing the ring of gold onto the Round Table. She bent down and kissed the dead king, murmuring gentle words into his un-hearing ear; “Goodnight my son and rest well, for we shall meet again.” 
She walked up the stairs, her rich purple cloak trailing behind her. Morgause walked through the open door of the former Queen Guinevere’s bedchamber. She stepped over Lancelot and made her way to the lady. She removed the golden crown from Guinevere’s head and placed in onto her own, bending down to whisper into her ear; “Justice, my beauty, will come to all. For your justice is death and mine to serve.” 
She bent down to Lancelot and retrieved her knife from him, picking up the lady Guinevere’s dagger as well. The dragon and the lily. She fingered the intricate carvings, her eyes softening just the slightest bit. 
“All beauty fades and the mighty will always fall, for this is justice.” 

Sunday, April 15, 2012

Of Lilies and Dragons; Arthurian Legend Rough Draft

So, I am super excited about this theme that we have been assigned. We get to write our

very own Arthurian Legend and get to show off our creative writing side. So, behold, my Rough

Draft;


The soft glow of the candlelight wavered in the foggy glass window of the Dining Hall. The Knights of King Arthur’s Court were celebrating their latest success as the jovial cheers and infectious laughter spread throughout the hall. It all fell quiet and King Arthur stood up, wavering on unstable, drunken legs. He raised his glass and the noble men and ladies followed suit. A toast, made to their latest successful hunt of , was given and the wine downed from the glasses.

A shadow moved, unbeknown to the celebrating court, into the wavering light outside one of the lofty windows. A cloak disguised his appearance, shadowing his face and distorting his features. A small knife, glinting with malice, hung uncovered at his side. A hand stretched out from under the folds of the deep purple covering, palm upwards. A glowing blue orb appeared, resting inches from the open hand, showing an image of the feat that lay inside the castle. Soft whispers emanated from under the cloak, nearly visible in the stagnate fog covering Camelot. The ball of light pulsated, changing from blue to red, mirroring the harvest moon, then shattered, leaving nothing behind. With a quiet gathering of the deep purple fabric, the shadow left, leaving the knife behind. In the reflection of the glinting knife, the stars and moon hung perpetually suspended, waiting.

Inside the hall, the air was warmer and less sinister than that of the outside world. King Arthur stood up, oblivious that an uninvited guest stood watching mere yards from where he stood, raising his ornate glass in a visibly shaken hand, undoubtedly drunker than half the hall.

“Here we go,” mumbled Lancelot, bringing his full wine glass to his lips and tipping it far back before bringing it up with the rest of the Dining Hall.

“I would like to make a toasht,” said the King, over-enunciating his words to compensate for his underlying drunken slur, “to shuccess and to onshe again driving out the evil forshez from Camelot,” he said, with an unmistakable glance out the window, “I am immenshely proud of eash and every one of my knightsh. To my equalsh of the Round Table.”

“To the Round Table,” echoed throughout the hall, their voices falling flat.

“What is that tonight, Sir Mikael?” asked Sir Nathen.

“Five. Let us hope that our gracious King will fall over drunk and spare us from further toasts,” said Sir Nathen, laughing heartily.

“Excuse me a moment,” muttered Lancelot, picking up his goblet and weaving his way to King Arthur.

“Ah, Lancelot!” he said, over-enthusiastic about Lancelot’s appearance, “How are you?”

“I am well my king, but there is a dire matter that I must discuss with you tonight.”

“What is it? Speak Lancelot, the night is old and the morning is pressing in,” King Arthur said, sobered by the severity in Lancelot’s voice.

“Not here, my lord, but now. Outside this hall.”

“Of course.”

Arthur in turn, picked up his own wine glass and quietly made his way out of the hall, following Lancelot into the chamber in between the room containing the Round Table and the Dining Hall.

“Speak quickly and silently,” murmured King Arthur, his tone lowered so as not to be overheard, “for the night is cool and the Dining Hall calls me with its warmth and festivities. I must also say that your own cool manner pushes me away yet draws my attention.”

“Yes indeed Arthur, it is cool in the night, and it has been for quite some time. And that is exactly what I wish to speak to you about,” Lancelot grabbed onto Arthur’s arm, “this weather has not been getting better, it as been getting worse and you and I both know why.”

“The very idea is absurd,” King Arthur said, roughly shaking Lancelot’s arm off his own and heading back into the Dining Hall, “And it would fare you well to forget that this conversation ever happened.”

Lancelot turned and walked into the hall, rejoining the celebration. He turned and downed the entire glass of wine, gazing out the window. He was about to walk away, when a shine caught his eye. He looked out the window again and saw a small blade, lying outside on the ground. He turned around and swept his gaze around the room, making sure he was not being watched as he slipped out the doors and into the foggy, late night air.

☙♰☙

The lovely Queen Guinevere wept, her shoulders shaking violently and nothing could be done or said to cease the crying. Her maids offered her hot tea and crumpets but nothing could console the distraught Queen.

“It was real!” she cried, her voice cracking, “He was dead. He killed him.”

Guinevere picked up the tray of food and drink and threw it across her room, the hand-painted China tea set, a wedding gift, shattered. Guinevere threw herself back onto her bed, weeping uncontrollably.

“Do you want...” muttered a maidservant, her hands twisting themselves into knots.

“No! Do you not understand me? Can you not hear me? He was dead!” This sent her into another bout of sobbing.

“Who was dead, my Lady?” asked Lancelot as he walked through her doorway and sat on the bed beside her.

“You,” she whispered, “You traitor!” she screamed, throwing the nearest pillow into his face.

“I never want to see you again,” she said, meeting his gaze.

☙♰☙

“Arthur, may I have a word with you,” said Sir Lancelot, his face carefully blank.

“Again. My dear Lancelot, what a lot of thinking you have been doing as of lately. Something must truly be amiss in your life,” Arthur said, once again his former self after the absence of wine.

“Well, maybe not so much my life,” Lancelot began, chocking on his next words, “but, well, perhaps your life, my dear King.” Lancelot explained his encounter with Guinevere and the story that her maidservants had related to him.

“So you can understand why I am concerned, not for me, pillows are not very lethal weapons, but for the Lady Guinevere,” Lancelot said, concern in his eyes, “something is terribly wrong. I believe that no one has ever seen her like this.”

“Well then, it is best we keep it that way, is it not?” said Arthur, his manner growing cool, “I trust you never to speak of this to anyone.”

“Do you not think that something must be done about it? Do you not care?” furiously whispered Lancelot.

“Keep your boundaries, Sir Lancelot and do not ever question my loyalty to my wife and Queen,” Arthur said, his tone icy as he walked away. He paused and turned back around.

“And just to make things very clear, “your boundaries” do not include my wife’s bedchamber. Do not go questioning loyalties Sir Lancelot.”


The fog had grown heavier, resting on Camelot like a thick blanket, suffocating the crops and weighing heavily on Sir Lancelot’s heart. He paced his bedchamber, his boots tapping on the cold, stone floors. With an outraged cry, he picked up a vase of pure white lilies and threw them at the wall. He walked over to the fragmented vase and kicked aside the sharp pieces of tinted blue glass. Lancelot strode over to his bed and slid his hand under the cool pillow. His fingers latched around the knife, pulling it out from it’s hiding place.

He examine the intricate handle, the precious gems forming a dragon wrapping itself around the hilt. The blade itself gleamed, reflecting Lancelot’s green eyes. Instead of placing it back under his pillow, he concealed it under his shirt. Lancelot swung open the door to his bedchamber and left in search of King Arthur, crushing the white lilies with the heel of his boot.


Sir Lancelot found King Arthur in Round Table room, standing with his hands braced on the table. He looked up as Lancelot entered, waiting for him to speak.

“My Lord,” said Lancelot bowing, his eyes never leaving King Arthur’s, “the fog is getting denser. Do you not think that something ought to be done about it? It is your duty, as king,” challenged Lancelot, his voice dripping with sarcasm.

“What do you suggest I do about this, Lancelot?” King Arthur said, his own voice as cold as the weather outside the castle. Without waiting for an answer from Lancelot, he continued; “That is right, Sir Lancelot. Nothing can be done to remedy this situation.” Arthur strode over and stood in front of Lancelot, staring at him.

“The witch placed the spell on you; as long as you are alive, Camelot will die,” he whispered, “You know that this grieves me more than you, but it is the truth, my Lord.”

“Camelot would die...” King Arthur began.

“Camelot is dying Arthur!” yelled Lancelot, “Can you not see that? The crops are dead and the townspeople are starving. The water has dried up, there is nothing left of your kingdom.”

“Do you think I not know that?” retorted Arthur, his anger rising up his throat, itching to escape, “Do you think I do not care for my kingdom? Do you not know who the King of this kingdom? It is me, Sir Lancelot, not you, and it would do you well to never forget again,” he said, his voice harsh.

“You are not the King Arthur I know. You are not the King that I love,” Sir Lancelot murmured, speaking the very words that had been weighing on his heart.

Arthur stared at his friend, his blue eyes betraying his hurt.

“Lancelot... Do you really believe that Camelot would be better off without me? I have no heir, there would be no one to take over and then my kingdom would truly fall into ruin,” despaired the King, his head dropping.

“What are you talking about? You have a fine young man that would make an excellent king. You have been training him since he was a lad for this very time,” Lancelot said, his brow knit together.

“I only know of one other person besides my son that has such strikingly green eyes,” whispered King Arthur, staring down at Lancelot.

“What are you suggesting, Arthur?” Sir Lancelot said defensively.

“I have no son.”

Sir Lancelot drew his sword, nights of anger and rage boiling over, pressing it up against King Arthur. Arthur shoved him backward, drawing Excalibur and circling around to face him.

“You forget your place, Sir Lancelot,” snapped Arthur, holding his sword in front of him.

“You have forgotten you kingdom, your friendship,” he said, striking against Arthur with each accusation, “and your wife,” Lancelot finished, pressing him up against the Round Table.

Lancelot pulled out the dagger, the dragon pulsating with an energy that seemed almost alive. He struck Arthur’s fighting hand, forcing him to drop Excalibur. Arthur struggled against Lancelot’s grip, but it was no use. Anger and the magic of the knife allowed Lancelot to hold King Arthur in his death grip.

“How I have longed for this moment. You speak of justice, well this is your justice. How many have died for you! How many have you killed and been killed in your name! Too many,” hissed Lancelot, his eyes gleaming with malice, “My mother, my sister...”

“What has done this to you? Lancelot, I do not know what you are speaking of!” King Arthur yelled, fearful for his life. Only too late did he see the dragon on the knife.

“No, no the witch has taken hold of you, you do not know what you are doing, Lancelot! Listen to me, please my friend,” the King said, begging for his life.

“Oh but I do know what I am doing. I am saving this kingdom,” he said, leaning in, “And let us hope that my son will be a better king than you have ever been,” he finished, driving the knife into Arthur. Lancelot stepped back, letting Arthur crumple to the ground. He yanked the knife out of him, letting the blood flow freely from his open wound.

Arthur looked up into the eyes of his friend, pain lacing his voice as he uttered his final breath; “You are forgiven.”

Lancelot wiped the stained blade with the cloak of the dead King’s robe and strode out of the room. He walked up to the bell tower and pulled the chord once, twice, three and four times. The whole kingdom knew that the king was dead.


Guinevere sat on her bed, no longer able to weep, but only sit motionless as tears spilled from her overflowing eyes. Her king, her husband was dead and she had known for days, but could not, did not try to save him. She knew of the curse but did not believe it was a viable threat. Now nearly all of her visions had come to pass as she had seen them. Her husband dead, his kingdom destroyed, her lover a killer. Only one vision remained and her life prevented it’s truth. She held the dagger, given to her for protection. She never once thought it was to be used to protect herself. She held it up, examining her face in it’s reflection.

She closed her eyes and brought the blade down into her stomach. She gasped but did not cry out, pulling the blade out, the blood flowing freely. She lay back onto her bed and held the flowers, the last gift from her beloved king, and held them to her chest. She felt her life seeping away, her breathing becoming shallow. Her eyes closed, knowing that no one would be there to close them for her, as she slipped away to find Arthur.


Lancelot knocked on Guinevere’s door for the fifth time, his impatience growing as he paced in the hallway. He finally gave up and pushed the door open, stopping in the doorway. There lay Guinevere, his Guinevere, in her wedding dress, holding a bouquet of flowers surrounded by a pool of dark blood. The guilty blade lay on her bedside table, soaked with her royal blood. There was no one around, but there could only be one explanation. The lovely Guinevere had killed herself. He walked over the the knife, looking closer only to realize that it was the dagger he had given her for protection. He staggered backwards, falling to his knees. He had killed her. Lancelot had killed her husband, and because of the grief she had taken her own life with a blade that he had given her.

The love of his life had killed herself for another man, and it was purely because of his own actions. He had killed the lovely Guinevere.

“Oh my Guinevere what have I done. How much misery have I caused you?” Lancelot wailed, his heart breaking.

He traced the intricate craftsmanship on the handle of the blade. A lily was etched into the hilt and his hand wrapped around it as he picked it up. He looked out the window, the sun streaming in, turning Guinevere’s hair to gold. He kissed her hair and he too held up the blade. Camelot had no hope, Lancelot had killed his best friend and king and his love was dead for another man. There was nothing left for Lancelot in this world.

“Let me leave this world the way my loves did as well and my dear God let my son forgive me,” he said, striking his broken heart, severing his life’s chord. He fell to the floor, the blade falling from his hand, clattering to the floor.


The fog lifted from the valleys of the mighty kingdom of Camelot, drifting away from the castle where the fallen lay. The shadow walked into the Round Table room over to King Arthur. The hood was lifted and long black locks spilled out, revealing a beautiful woman. She bent down and kissed the dead king, taking the crown from his head, a small smile on her lips.

She walked up the stairs, her rich purple cloak trailing behind her. She walked through the open door of the former Queen Guinevere’s bedchamber. She stepped over Lancelot and made her way to the lady. She removed the golden crown from Guinevere’s head and placed in on her own, bending down to whisper into her ear; “Justice, my beauty, will come to all.”

She bent down to Lancelot and retrieved her knife from him, picking up the lady Guinevere’s dagger as well. The dragon and the lily.

“All beauty fades and the mighty will always fall, for this is justice.”

Monday, March 19, 2012

Becket Film question paper

Becket Questions

In 1066 England was taken by William the Conquerer, making the Normans the ruling power. The Saxons were turned into peasants in their own homeland while the foreign Normans were the aristocratic power in England, creating a tension between the two peoples. During Henry II reign, this was not the only tension in England. Henry II sought to expand his political power but unfortunately, this expansion was at the expense of the church. While the power of the state increased, the church’s power decreased and thus the church and the state’s tension was created. Thomas Becket, in the movie Becket, was the best friend of Henry II and essentially one of his advisors. Not only was he in politics, but he was also a Saxon, which was unusual because after the Norman invasion in 1066 the people in power were primarily Normans. Also Thomas Becket was made Archbishop of Canterbury, making him part of the church and the state, by Henry II. Eventually, Becket started becoming more loyal to his job and the church and Henry II became jealous and laid charges against him. This is where the root of the tension between the church and the state laid. This was not only the beginning of the tension of the church and state but also between Thomas Becket and Henry II. Thomas Becket refused to even hear the charges that Henry laid against him. Thomas Becket said that only the church could press charges against the church and that the state could not charge the church. Thomas becket was ultimately saying that the state did not hold any power over the church. Henry II then condemned him to death and ran him out of the country, even though he obsessively loved Thomas Becket. He also appeared hypocritical because he was angry with Thomas Becket when he was simply doing his job as the Archbishop of Canterbury, which Henry II himself appointed to Becket.

Thursday, March 1, 2012

The Fourth Crusade Theme Final Draft! (with works cited)

Constantinople was the jewel of the Byzantine Empire, and not only that but the capital of the powerful Byzantine Empire. Though it was not the original target of the Fourth Crusade, Constantinople was sacked by misguided crusaders. After becoming entangled in the political side of the Byzantine Empire, the Fourth Crusade disintegrated and never even reached its original target of Jerusalem. Unfortunately, the fourth crusade marked the disintegration of not only the crusading ideals but the Byzantine Empire itself.

The Fourth Crusade ultimately began with the death of Saladin in 1193. Before his death, Richard the Lionhearted had made an agreement with him allowing Christian pilgrims to venture into Jerusalem (Spielvogel). After his death, his empire began to dissolve and Pope Innocent III saw the opportunity in the weakness of Saladin’s former empire. He sent out the word that he was going to form a new crusade on August 15, 1198. This first call for a crusade, set to leave in March was met with a low response and was altogether unsuccessful. Pope Innocent III assigned the cardinals Peter Capuano and and Soffredo to help in the organization of the crusade. Soffredo was supposed to enlist the Venetians help and Pope Innocent III appointed others to help negotiate peace treaties with the kings of England and France (Andrea). The peace treaties with the kings failed and the former truce made with Richard the Lionhearted and Philip II Augustus made by Cardinal Peter faded away when King Richard died (Andrea). So Pope Innocent sent out a second message on December 31, 1199 and received a significantly better response (Andrea). During that time the Muslims controlled Jerusalem and Pope Innocent III sought to change that. His message was directed mainly toward the nobility of Europe and he got an overwhelming response from them in France and the Netherlands. Not only that, but the Venetians agreed to help transport the crusaders. Unfortunately the transportation came at a price; the crusaders had to agree to attack a Christian city called Zara on the Dalmatian coast. The crusade, having failed to recruit anyone from Pope Innocent III’s first attempt, seemed to keep falling short from the start. While around 13 thousand crusaders met up at the port city of Venice, they still managed to fall short from the amount of money needed to pay for the cost of transportation. This shortage lead to the contract between the crusaders and the Venetians; attacking Zara and paying the money from the spoils of sacking the city. Pope Innocent III did not agree to the plan of attacking Zara, since it was papally protected and a Christian city. Pope Innocent III went so far as to threaten the crusaders with excommunication, which was the equivalent of a social outcast in that time, making the point that he did not support their attack (Daybell). Despite the Pope’s threat, they set sail on October 1202 from Venice and would meet up with the other crusaders that chose not to congregate at Venice. Even with the threat of excommunication looming over their heads, the Venetian ships and others that joined up with them sacked Zara, successfully recapturing the city the November of 1202 (Daybell). Pope Innocent III, understanding the crusaders situation, temporarily lifted his threat of excommunication, allowing them to attack the city (Andrea). So the crusaders continued their invasion of the Christian city, but they were unable to hold onto the city, so they completely destroyed it instead (Andrea). From that point, the Fourth Crusade slipped downhill, spiraling out of control and wandering away from the original mission, helping create the reputation of the most diabolical crusade yet.

From there, the crusaders became intertwined in Byzantine politics and the power struggle for ruling the Byzantine Empire. In Zara, the crusaders were asked to help Prince Alexius Angelus, whose father, the former Byzantine Emperor, had been deposed by his brother. The prince was then left with no other option but to flee to the West away from his jealous uncle (Andrea). He asked them to help him and offered them a substantial reward. “In return for the crusaders' help in ousting his uncle, Prince Alexius promised to submit the Greek Orthodox Church to obedience to Rome, to subvent the crusade with 200,000 marks and provisions for a full year, to supply 10,000 mounted soldiers for the crusade, and to maintain 500 soldiers in the Holy Land for the rest of his life” (Andrea). They encountered Alexius’ uncle and started demanding for his abdication, entangling themselves in the politics of the Byzantine Empire. The crusaders at this point were already known for being especially violent but the Fourth Crusade stands out as the most unnecessarily violent. The real ransacking of Constantinople began in the July of 1203 beginning with the fighting between the Venetians, the original crusaders and the Byzantines for who should rule the Byzantine Empire. Even though Constantinople was well fortified, it did nothing against the misguided determination of the crusaders and they overcame the heavily fortified city. “Christian crusaders took gold, silver, jewelry, and precious furs while the Catholic clergy accompanying the crusaders stole as many relics as they could find” (Spielvogel). Also, the buildings inside the city were made out of wood, and did not stand a chance against the outbreaking fires, reducing the city to a pile of fire fuel. The fighting continued through the following months and the ruined buildings were left as they were. Many of the citizens were left homeless because of this and consequently the citizens rioted because of the lack of food and housing, resulting in even more fires and internal fighting. Another siege came upon what was left of Constantinople in April of 1204. (Andrea). This ransack would be the deciding factor for the city and though they might not have known it then, it is painfully obvious now. The worst of the destruction occurred during this final wave of ransacking of Constantinople. “As the crusaders laid waste to Constantinople, they set fires, pillaged the churches and shops of the city, looted the riches of private and public buildings, and raped and assaulted countless members of the diverse population of Christian Europe's wealthiest and most sophisticated city” (Daybell). Not only did they loot private and public buildings, and have the clergy men join them, they also looted Eastern Orthodox churches. After this final attack, the Byzantine Empire completely dissolved as Constantinople fell into the hands of crusaders.

After the crusaders had finished looting Constantinople they managed to gain a shaky hold onto the Byzantine Empire. It had been divided into states and each ruled by different crusaders. The Venetians had managed to take control of Crete and the trading routes, and the chief state was headed by Count Baldwin of Flanders. The whole empire was re-birthed and renamed the new Latin Empire. It did not last long and the rulers of each state inevitably started bickering over power. Eventually, the Byzantine Empire was recaptured by Michael Paleologus but the crusaders had done their damage. Constantinople never returned to its former strength and power and the Byzantine Empire was overthrown by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, sealing its fate. After this unfortunate turn of events, Pope Innocent III’s grace ran out and he excommunicated the crusaders when word got back to him of the destruction caused by them and of the ransacking not commissioned by him. The crusaders also pillaged the Eastern Orthodox churches, starting a bitter rivalry between the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches. Even eight hundred years later the heat of the rivalry continued, but only until eight centuries later in 2004 did the head of the Roman Catholic church apologize to the head of the Eastern Orthodox church, ending the bitter rivalry (Stockdale). The following crusades also followed in the disastrous footsteps of the Fourth Crusade and fell miserably short in their goals. Though The Crusades in general had some positive effects, specifically the Fourth Crusade tore down the ideals and left a wake of destruction. It did not even make it to Jerusalem and did not overthrow Muslim rule and recapture Jerusalem, which was originally what Pope Innocent III comissioned. Though, not all of the effects of the Fourth Crusade were negative. It did help unite the Byzantine and Classical way of thinking and in general united the two cultures, though the process by which the uniting was achieved was unnecessary. Also, during the looting and burning of the city many works of literature were lost as well as other historical artifacts (Queller).

Even from the beginning, with money shortages and threats of excommunication, that were eventually followed up on, the Fourth Crusade appeared to be doomed from the very start. After a failed first attempt, the Pope had to commission a second call for a crusade in order to gain the support needed.The crusaders never even reached their original destination of Jerusalem and did not recapture it. Instead, they sacked Constantine, destroyed the Byzantine Empire and left behind the crusading ideals of renewing the Christian Empire.Originally intended to destroy the Muslims, the Fourth Crusade backfired terribly and resulted in the destruction not of the Muslims, but a powerful Christian empire.


Works Cited

  1. Andrea, Alfred J. "Fourth Crusade." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2012.
  2. Daybell, James. "The Sack of Constantinople: The Sack of Constantinople." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2012.
  3. Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization: Volume I: To 1715. 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000. Print.
  4. Stockdale, Nancy. "Background Essay." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 29 Feb. 2012.
  5. Stockdale, Nancy. "The Sack of Constantinople: The Bitter Legacy of the Fourth Crusade." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 29 Feb. 2012.
  6. Queller, Donald E. "The Fourth Crusade:The Conquest of Constantinople, 1201-1204." www.jstor.com. The Journal of Library History, 1979. Web. 1 Mar. 2012.

Thursday, February 23, 2012

Here's my Crusades THEME (not to be confused with the ESSAY[like I did and almost had a heart attack])

Constantinople was the jewel of the Byzantine Empire, and not only that but the capital of Byzantium. The capital city should not have felt any threat from the fourth crusaders since they were a Christian city and they were not the target of the crusade. Unfortunately, the fourth crusade marked the disintegration of not only the crusading ideals but the Byzantine Empire itself.

The Fourth Crusade ultimately began with the death of Saladin in 1193. Before his death, Richard the Lionhearted had made an agreement with him allowing Christian pilgrims to venture into Jerusalem. After his death, his empire began to dissolve and Pope Innocent III saw the opportunity in the weakness of Saladin’s former empire. He sent out the word that he was going to form a new crusade on August 15, 1198. This first call for a crusade was met with a flat response so he sent out a second message on December 31, 1199 and received a much better response. During that time the Muslims had control over Jerusalem and Pope Innocent III sought to change that. His message was mainly direct toward the nobility of Europe and he got an overwhelming response mainly from the nobility in France and the Netherlands. Not only that, but the Venetians agreed to help transport the crusaders. The transportation came at a price, though; the crusaders had to agree to attack a Christian city called Zara on the Dalmatian coast. The crusade, having failed to recruit anyone from Innocent III’s first attempt, seemed to keep falling flat from the start. While around 13 thousand crusaders met up at the port city of Venice, they still managed to fall short from the needed amount of money. This lead to the contract of attacking Zara and paying the money from the spoils of sacking the city. Strangely though, Pope Innocent III did not agree to the plan of attacking Zara, since it was papally protected and went so far as to threaten the crusaders with excommunication, which was the equivalent of a social outcast in that time. They set sail on October 1202 from Venice and would meet up with the other crusaders that chose not to go to Venice. Even with the threat of excommunication looming over their heads, the Venetian ships and others that joined up with them sacked Zara and it ended up that Innocent III did not follow up on his threat and temporarily agreed with their reasoning. So the crusaders continued their invasion of the Christian city. From that point, the Fourth Crusade went downhill, creating the reputation of the most diabolical crusade yet.

The crusaders then began intertwined in Byzantine politics and the power struggle for ruling the Byzantine Empire. The crusaders at this point were already known for being especially violent but the Fourth Crusade stands out as the most unnecessarily violent. The real ransacking of Constantinople began in the July of 1203 and began between fighting between the Venetians, the original crusaders and the Byzantines for who should rule the Byzantine Empire. Even though Constantinople was well fortified, it did nothing against the misguided determination of the crusaders. “Christian crusaders took gold, silver, jewelry, and precious furs while the Catholic clergy accompanying the crusaders stole as many relics as they could find” (Spielvogel. 261). Also, the buildings inside the city were made out of wood, reducing the city to a pile of fire fuel. The fighting continued through the following months and the ruined buildings were left as they were and consequently the citizens of the city rioted because of the lack of food and housing, resulting in even more fires and fighting. Another siege came upon what was left of Constantinople in April of 1204. This ransack would be the deciding factor for the city, though they might not have known it then, it is painfully obvious now. The worst of the ransacking came on during this wave of destruction. “As the crusaders laid wast to Constantinople, they set fires, pillage the churches and shops of the city, looted the riches of private and public buildings, and raped and assaulted countless members of the diverse population of Christian Europe's wealthiest and most sophisticated city” (ABC CLIO). Not only did they loot private and public buildings, and have the clergy men join them, they also looted Eastern Orthodox churches. Then, the Byzantine Empire completely dissolved as Constantinople fell into the hands of crusaders.

After the crusaders had finished looting Constantinople they managed to gain a shaky hold onto the Byzantine Empire. It had been divided into states and each ruled by different crusaders. The Venetians had managed to take control of Crete and the trading, and the chief state was headed by Count Baldwin of Flanders. The whole empire was re-birthed and renamed the new Latin Empire. It did not last long at all and the rulers of each state started bickering over power. Eventually, the Byzantine Empire was recaptured by Michael Paleologus but the crusaders had done their damage and it never returned to its former strength and power and was overthrown by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. As well as destroying the Byzantine Empire, Pope Innocent III’s grace ran out and he excommunicated the crusaders when word got back to him of the destruction caused by them. The crusaders also ransacked the Eastern Orthodox churches, starting a bitter rivalry between the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches and even eight hundred years later the heat of the rivalry continued, but only until eight centuries later in 2004 did the head of the Roman Catholic church apologize to the head of the Eastern Orthodox church and the rivalry ended. The following crusades also followed in the disastrous footsteps of the Fourth Crusade and fell miserably short in their goals. Though The Crusades in general had some positive effects, specifically the Fourth Crusade tore down the ideals and fell short in its objectives. It did not even make it to Jerusalem and did not overthrow Muslim rule and recapture Jerusalem. Though, not all of the effects of the Fourth Crusade were negative. It did help unite the Byzantine and Classical way of thinking and in general united the two cultures, though the process by which the uniting was achieved was rather unfortunate. Also, during the looting and burning of the city many works of literature were lost as well as other historical artifacts.

By far, the cons outweigh the pros in the Fourth Crusade. Even from the beginning, with money shortages and threats, that were also followed up on, of excommunication, the Fourth Crusade appeared to be doomed from the very start. That is, the second start, since Pope Innocent III’s first call for a crusade fell flat and received a disappointing response. From there, they sacked Constantine, destroyed the Byzantine Empire and left behind the crusading ideals of renewing the Christian Empire. The crusaders also were excommunicated by Pope Innocent III and did not even make it to Jerusalem, much less recapture it. Originally intended to destroy the Muslims, the Fourth Crusade backfired terribly and resulted in the destruction of not the Muslims, but a powerful Christian empire.


Thursday, February 9, 2012

A basic summary of The Crusades

The Crusading Ideal and Appeal

In the High Middle Ages, the people of Europe experienced a massive wave of religious enthusiasm. The outlet for this surge of religious enthusiasm ended up being a massive movement called “The Crusades.” Spielvogel describes the Crusades as “... a curious mix of God and warfare...” (Spielvogel. 257). The Crusades were essentially a war against the unbelievers in an attempt to convert them. Religious enthusiasm was not the only incentive behind The Crusades. If the people went and fought in The Crusades, they were granted forgiveness from all of their sins. The Crusades were and outlet for the surge of religious enthusiasm and changed the civilization of Western Europe and had far reaching effects that are visible even today.

The Crusade that started them off was the “Peasant’s Crusade” also known as the “Crusade of the Poor.” Pope Urban II’s speech started off this crusade, talking about the need to reclaim the Holy City and take revenge on the murderers of Christ, lighting a fire underneath the people. There was an overwhelming response, especially among the peasants earning the crusade its name. Essentially, the crusade was not a huge success and many of the peasants sacked houses, stealing whatever they could, and persecuted Jews because of their misguided interpretation of them being the murderers of Christ from what they heard in Pope Urban II’s speech. Though some of the motives behind the Peasant’s Crusade may have been misguided, it did help spark the other crusades. The First Crusade proved to be more successful and was compromised of knights recruited by Pope Urban II from the warrior class in western Europe and especially France. Pope Urban II placed his faith more in this crusade and believed that men who were trained in the art of war would be more successful. Many of the men recruited were motivated by religious enthusiasm and the potential of power. In 1097 the group of warriors headed out to Constantinople The Emperor Alexius did not trust the warriors or their motives so he gathered up his own band, not from mercenaries, but rather from western nobles with their own motives and he made the crusaders swear allegiance to him. After 1098 when they captured Antioch they moved down to the Holy City and massacred it and took control in 1099. After more success in the Palestinian lands, the allegiance to Alexius was forgotten and the land was divided into four states; Antioch, Edessa, Tripoli and were all under the rule of the kingdom of Jerusalem. Eventually the states started to fall apart and the Muslims took advantage of their weakness. Edessa, the first to fall, collapsed in 1144 and the Muslims reclaimed control over it. This led to the Second Crusade. St. Bernard of Clairvaux organized the Second Crusade and aimed his message towards the knights. St. Bernard managed to enlist the help of King Louis VII and Emperor Conrad III of Germany. Despite that, the Second Crusade was still poorly organized, did not have cooperation from the leader of Jerusalem and failed to get rid of the Muslims.

The rest of the crusades were not much more successful. Once the Holy City of Jerusalem fell in October of 1187, the religious enthusiasm was once again set on fire. Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, Richard I the Lionhearted of England and Philip II Augustus King of France took charged and organized the Third Crusade. Emperor Frederick had an overwhelming response in Asia Minor and he greatly contributed to the success of the crusade. He also contributed to its failure when he accidentally drowned while swimming in a river one day. After his death the Third Crusade was lacking a strong leader and even though they succeeded in the costal areas, they fell apart when they tried to move inland. The Fourth Crusade experienced a decline in the morals and the original cause of The Crusades. Pope Innocent III supported the Fourth Crusade and directed his message towards the nobles. Many nobles from the Netherlands and and France responded and joined the crusade. Unfortunately, the crusading morals greatly disintegrated during the Fourth Crusade. “Christian crusaders took gold, silver, jewelry, and precious furs while the Catholic accompanying the crusaders stole as many relics as they could find.” (Spielvogel pg. 261). They also sacked Constantinople and became twisted into the politics of the Byzantine empire and fell. The Crusades spiraled downward from that point on.

Even though the Crusades were not successful in their original movement, they did manage to impact the economy and the civilization as a whole. Economically, they helped the Italian port cities grow and overall enhanced the revival of trade. They also helped eliminate young warriors that would have ended up fighting each other. Unfortunately, they did massacre the Jewish people and failed in their original movement. Their short term effects were not as obvious or as great as the far-reaching effects of The Crusades. Architecturally, castles were built for fortification and many of them are still standing today, giving us insight to what life was like back then. Since The Crusades spread people to new areas, cultures, ideas and knowledge spread with them. Geographic knowledge was spread as well as medical knowledge and warfare skills.

The Crusades, though they did not succeed in their original goal, did help impact our society now. The Crusades provided an outlet for the religious movement and enthusiasm and helped spread the cultures and ideas through the Crusades. During that time, they did not appear to be a huge success but later on, and even today, it is evident that they impacted society. Originally, the motives were pure, though carried out in the wrong way, but over time the motives became corrupted and lead to the downfall and overall short term failure of The Crusades. Long term, however, The Crusades impacted the culture by the spread of it through the people and provided a release for the religious fervor that swept over Europe.


Friday, February 3, 2012

Love and Virtue; an explication of Love and Nobility

Here is my final draft for the poem explication. I forgot to post my rough draft, but that's okay because this one is better.

Guido Guinizelli, the author of the poem “Love and Nobility”, was born around 1230 to an Italian merchant family and died in 1276. Guido was the founder of the organization and poetry movement, the Dolce Stil Nuovo translated as the “sweet new style.” He was one of the first poets to speak of a woman in divine terms, breaking the tradition of the times and turning a new page in poetry. Dante being strongly influenced by Guido, called him his “literary father.” In “Love and Nobility”, Guido addresses love, nobility, virtue, and what the heart should possess in order to obtain a love worthy of the approval of Christ. Guido Guinizelli’s most famous poem, “Love and Nobility”, assesses love and what the heart must have to possess a true love. The literal meaning of the poem is not very obvious since it mostly deals with the philosophical side of love, quickly diving into the metaphorical meaning of the poem. In the last stanza, however, the narrator talks of a hypothetical situation of when he is being judged for his improper love for the woman and his defense. In this hypothetical scenario, the narrator is imagining himself in front of God on Judgement Day, and God is questioning him about his love for this woman, and the man is giving his defense. The narrator of “Love and Nobility” is a man talking about love to the woman he is in love with and what that kind of love should look like. The tone of the poem is didactic and it seems like he is teaching a class, and he even goes so far as to seem pedantic, going into every detail. The mood of the poem, especially in the last stanza in the hypothetical scenario, came off a defensive, like he was justifying his love for the woman.
“Love and Nobility” is a well structured, affecting the rhythm and flow of the poem. Each stanza is ten lines long but the line length varies from long to short, giving the poem rhythm when it is read. The stanzas are also well patterned, affecting the way the poem is read and giving it rhythm and flow when it is read. The second to last line in each stanza is shorter than all the rest and have a rhyming couplet at the end of each stanza. Also, in the first three stanzas, the second line contains a simile, but not in the fourth stanza, making the fourth stanza a transitioning point. The first three stanzas talk more about love and the last three stanzas talk more about nobility, reenforcing the fourth stanza transition. The first five stanzas seem like a lecture but the last stanza breaks the pattern and the narrator starts talking about a hypothetical situation, making it seem more casual and remorseful.
The hypothetical scene in the last stanza of the poem is unlike any of the others. The first five stanzas are talking about the ideals of a noble love, but then the narrator starts talking about being judged for his love of the woman. He knows that his love for the woman is wrong, but he has kept loving her anyway. This is the whole reason that the narrator is talking about love and nobility; because he wants to resolve and fix his love and make it acceptable in the sight of God. He knows that his former love is wrong and he started talking to the woman about changing it and making it acceptable. The last stanza is him talking to God about his love before he had the opportunity to change their love. His defense admits that before he thought abut changing his love, he thought that everything was okay. The last line of the poem says; “What harm occurred if my love in her was placed?” (line 60). This hypothetical scenario was taking place in his mind before his revelation about noble hearts and love, but then he realized the fault in his ways. The first five stanzas display his revelation about nobility and loving in a way that Christ would approve of.
Guido Guinizelli starts off his poem with the simile; “Love always repairs to the noble heart Like a bird winging back into its grove...” (lines 1-2). This first simile in the simile pattern means that love belongs in a noble heart. The second stanza focuses more on how the nobility and love gets inside of the heart. The imagery of the Sun and the newly introduced stars help the author portray the relationship between love and nobility. The Sun is not the objects that bestows the nobility into the heart, but rather what cleanses the heart of all it’s impurities, preparing the heart for nobility. The stars are the objects that bestow nobility into the heart, preparing it for love. “The value does not come down from the stars/ Until the Sun has blenched the stone all pure.”(lines 13-14). The connection between the Sun, the stars and the heart are similar to the relationships between the Father, the Son and humans. The Son came down and purified us from all of our sins, preparing us to be able to face the Father, similarly to the Sun in “Love and Nobility”. The Father is the stars in the poem that inject the heart with nobility. Then Guido compares the love between the Father and humans to the type of love that a woman and man should have. Connecting back the the Bible, the narrator is saying that we should love each other as we love Christ. The love between a man and a woman should mirror the love between the Father and humans. In line 22 Guido says; “...Like a waving flame atop a burning brand” (line 22), meaning that nobility not also belongs in a noble heart, but will stay in a noble heart. It could also convey that if love is used in the wrong way, could end up burning and harming someone in the process. Reenforcing this idea, he says; “Yet a nature which is still debased/ Greets love as water greets fire,/ With the cold hissing against the heat.”(lines 25-27). Like water and fire, love without nobility will never last. Guido also uses imagery to convey the meaning of his poem. In the fourth stanza he uses the images of the “Sun” and the “mud”;
“Sun beats against the mud the livelong day;/
Mud it remains; Sun does not lose its ray;/
The haughty one says: “I am noble by my tribe./”
He is the mud; Sun is the noble power.” (lines 31-34).
In this stanza, the Sun represents nobility in its purest form and the mud represents a man who claims to be noble, but in his heart, he is not sincerely noble. Even though the Sun beat down upon the mud, the mud did not change at all and never became noble, so the mud will never understand or have noble love. In the fifth stanza, Guido returns to talking about how the love between a man and woman should reflect the love of Christ in lines 47 through 49; “In the same way, in all truth, the beautiful lady/ Should behave, for in her eyes reflects the desire/ Of a noble man” (lines 47-49). When he says in the same way, he is referring back to earlier in the stanza when he was talking about God. Reflecting Christian morals, the narrator talks about how the love of a man and woman needs love, virtue and nobility.
In 1 Corinthians 13, known as the “Love Chapter”, talks about love and what virtues should accompany love, like patience and protection. Similarly, “Love and Nobility” talks about the virtues and nobility that should go with love to make it acceptable to Christ. “Love nestles deep inside nobility...For without virtue, heart has no noble worth.” (lines 8 and 38). So, love must have nobility, and nobility must have virtue, so love must also have virtue. In those two lines, Guido sums up the meaning of his poem. Christian virtues and nobility are the two necessities that a heart must have to possess a love that is acceptable to God.
The love in Love and Nobility by Guido Guinizelli portrays what true love should look like and how, in order to have a love approved by God, there must first be a noble heart. Not only that, but the nobility requires virtue. So, the love that is portrayed in Love and Nobility closely mirrors the love that is spoken of in the Bible and how the love requires virtue. Love must dwell in a noble heart, and a noble heart must have virtue, so to have a love that is true and approved by God, the love must be rooted in virtue.
Works Cited
  1. “Love and Nobility.” The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed. Sarah Lawall and Maynard Mack. 7th ed. Vol. 1. New York, NY: W. W. Norton &, 1999. 1215-1216. Print.
  2. Guido Guinicelli. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Columbia University Press. 2011.